Zilan Qian and the Oxford China Policy Lab published an analysis on September 4 finding that Chinese uses of 'shikong,' or AI loss of control, are organized by who loses control rather than harm severity, covering three loci: operator, state, and humanity.
Qian warns against assuming rhetorical overlap with Western AI safety terms signals genuine alignment, and the analysis identifies a specific gap: China lacks discourse about loss-of-control risks within internal lab deployments, which Qian describes as one of the biggest dangers.